"Molecular Surveillance of Pyrethroid Resistance Kdr Alleles T917I and L920F in Head and Body Lice from Nigeria"
Authors: Kamani, J., Harrus, S., Laminu, B., Nachum-Biala, Y., Shand, M., Roca-Acevedo, G., & Toloza, A. C. (2025) with DOI 10.3390/parasitologia5040057.
This 2025 study reports the first detection of key pyrethroid-resistance (kdr) mutations in head and body lice collected in Nigeria. Researchers found high frequencies of the T917I mutation and widespread L920F, highlighting the need for resistance monitoring where permethrin-based treatments are commonly used.
APA (7th ed.)
Kamani, J., Harrus, S., Laminu, B., Nachum-Biala, Y., Shand, M., Roca-Acevedo, G., & Toloza, A. C. (2025). Molecular surveillance of pyrethroid resistance kdr alleles T917I and L920F in head and body lice from Nigeria. Parasitologia, 5(4), 57.
MLA (9th ed.)
Kamani, Joshua, et al. “Molecular Surveillance of Pyrethroid Resistance Kdr Alleles T917I and L920F in Head and Body Lice from Nigeria.” Parasitologia, vol. 5, no. 4, 2025, article 57.
Chicago (Notes & Bibliography)
Kamani, Joshua, Shimon Harrus, Bukar Laminu, Yaarit Nachum-Biala, Mike Shand, Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo, and Ariel Ceferino Toloza. “Molecular Surveillance of Pyrethroid Resistance Kdr Alleles T917I and L920F in Head and Body Lice from Nigeria.” Parasitologia 5, no. 4 (2025): 57.
"Human Lice: Biology and Public Health Risk"
Authors: Catherine A. Hill and John F. MacDonald (Department of Entomology, Purdue University)
This Purdue Extension publication breaks down the biology and public health impact of human lice. It covers how lice develop, where each type is found on the body, how infestations spread, and practical prevention and control recommendations.
Link: https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/publications/E-245/E-245.html
APA (7th ed.)
Hill, C. A., & MacDonald, J. F. (n.d.). Human lice: Biology and public health risk (E-245-W). Purdue University Extension.
MLA (9th ed.)
Hill, Catherine A., and John F. MacDonald. “Human Lice: Biology and Public Health Risk.” Purdue University Extension, n.d.,
Chicago (Notes & Bibliography)
Hill, Catherine A., and John F. MacDonald. “Human Lice: Biology and Public Health Risk.” Purdue University Extension.
A World Health Organization publication titled “Human lice – their prevalence, control and resistance to insecticides. A review 1985–1997”. (Norman G. Gratz ,1997) document code WHO/CTD/WHOPES/97.8
Published by the World Health Organization, this report reviews human lice prevalence from 1985–1997 and examines control measures and insecticide resistance. It’s a useful reference for understanding why treatment failures happen and how resistance has shaped public health guidance.
Link: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-ctd-whopes-97.8
APA (7th ed.)
Gratz, N. G. (1997). Human lice – their prevalence, control and resistance to insecticides: A review 1985–1997 (WHO/CTD/WHOPES/97.8). World Health Organization.
MLA (9th ed.)
Gratz, Norman G. Human Lice – Their Prevalence, Control and Resistance to Insecticides: A Review 1985–1997. World Health Organization, 1997.
Chicago (Notes & Bibliography)
Gratz, Norman G. Human Lice – Their Prevalence, Control and Resistance to Insecticides: A Review 1985–1997. WHO/CTD/WHOPES/97.8. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997.
Title: Human pediculosis, a global public health problem
Authors: Elsheikha, Renfu Shao, Xing-Quan Zhu, & Guo-Hua Liu
Year: 2022 (published in Infectious Diseases of Poverty)
This research review explains why human lice infestations remain a major public health issue worldwide. It summarizes lice biology, transmission, global patterns of infestation, and growing concerns like insecticide resistance and louse-borne disease risks.
Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-022-00986-w
APA (7th ed.)
Elsheikha, H. M., Shao, R., Zhu, X.-Q., & Liu, G.-H. (2022). Human pediculosis, a global public health problem. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 11, Article 58.
MLA (9th ed.)
Elsheikha, H. M., et al. “Human Pediculosis, a Global Public Health Problem.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty, vol. 11, 2022.
Chicago (Notes & Bibliography)
Elsheikha, H. M., Renfu Shao, Xing-Quan Zhu, and Guo-Hua Liu. “Human Pediculosis, a Global Public Health Problem.” Infectious Diseases of Poverty 11 (2022): Article 58.